Here is a list of 11 foreign (non-English) biologists who made major contributions in the history of science.
1. Aristotle (Greek; 384-322 B.C.) He was a philosopher and scientist. He created a framework of knowledge that served as the foundation for much of the science and philosophy of ancient and medieval times, and therefore for science of the present day and is sometimes called the father of biology. He described plant and animal specimens received from all over the Alexandrian empire.
2. Leonardo da Vinci (Italian; 1452-1519) He is best known as an artist but he also had one of the best scientific minds of his time. His research included zoology, geology and paleontology.
3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek(Dutch; 1632-1723) He was a cytologist who invented various single lens microscopes and discovered various microbes (protists).
4. Carl Linné (or Carolus Linnaeus) (Sweden, 1707 to 1778) Linne is known as the father of taxonomy. He constructed the hierarchic system of classification that group species by which we still nominate all living things. He also discovered a lot of new species and compiled a book of all the species known in its time.
5. Georges Cuvier (French; 1769-1832) He founded vertebrate paleontology as a scientific discipline and created the comparative method of organismal biology. He also established the fact of the extinction of past lifeforms.
6. Louis Agassiz (American, 1807-1873) He was a palaeontologist and one of the great scientists of his day, a "founding fathers" of the modern American scientific tradition. He was also a lifelong opponent of Darwin's theory of evolution but his criticisms on evolution helped provide evolutionary biologists with insights.
7. Gregor Mendel, (Austrian, 1823-1884) He worked on genetics; he was a botanist who discovered 'inherited traits' by cross-breeding pea plants.
8. Louis Pasteur (French, 1822 - 1895) He was the first person to use a vaccine (which he named) and understand that a weakened bacteria could protect the body. He created 'pasteurization' (a process that kills microbes via heat).
9. Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Spanish; 1852-1934) He is known as the 'father' of neuroscience. He improved the Golgi method to stain neurons and described the microscopical structure of almost every part of the nervous system.
10. Edward Drinker Cope (American; 1840-1897) He was a paleontologist and evolutionist. He believed that changes in developmental (embryonic) timing, not natural selection, was the driving force of evolution.
11. Barbara McClintock (American; 1902-1992) She was geneticist and won the Nobel Prize in 1983 for her discovery that certain genes in corn can move from one position to another along the length of a chromosome, causing genetic mutations.
1. Aristotle (Greek; 384-322 B.C.) He was a philosopher and scientist. He created a framework of knowledge that served as the foundation for much of the science and philosophy of ancient and medieval times, and therefore for science of the present day and is sometimes called the father of biology. He described plant and animal specimens received from all over the Alexandrian empire.
2. Leonardo da Vinci (Italian; 1452-1519) He is best known as an artist but he also had one of the best scientific minds of his time. His research included zoology, geology and paleontology.
3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek(Dutch; 1632-1723) He was a cytologist who invented various single lens microscopes and discovered various microbes (protists).
4. Carl Linné (or Carolus Linnaeus) (Sweden, 1707 to 1778) Linne is known as the father of taxonomy. He constructed the hierarchic system of classification that group species by which we still nominate all living things. He also discovered a lot of new species and compiled a book of all the species known in its time.
5. Georges Cuvier (French; 1769-1832) He founded vertebrate paleontology as a scientific discipline and created the comparative method of organismal biology. He also established the fact of the extinction of past lifeforms.
6. Louis Agassiz (American, 1807-1873) He was a palaeontologist and one of the great scientists of his day, a "founding fathers" of the modern American scientific tradition. He was also a lifelong opponent of Darwin's theory of evolution but his criticisms on evolution helped provide evolutionary biologists with insights.
7. Gregor Mendel, (Austrian, 1823-1884) He worked on genetics; he was a botanist who discovered 'inherited traits' by cross-breeding pea plants.
8. Louis Pasteur (French, 1822 - 1895) He was the first person to use a vaccine (which he named) and understand that a weakened bacteria could protect the body. He created 'pasteurization' (a process that kills microbes via heat).
9. Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Spanish; 1852-1934) He is known as the 'father' of neuroscience. He improved the Golgi method to stain neurons and described the microscopical structure of almost every part of the nervous system.
10. Edward Drinker Cope (American; 1840-1897) He was a paleontologist and evolutionist. He believed that changes in developmental (embryonic) timing, not natural selection, was the driving force of evolution.
11. Barbara McClintock (American; 1902-1992) She was geneticist and won the Nobel Prize in 1983 for her discovery that certain genes in corn can move from one position to another along the length of a chromosome, causing genetic mutations.
